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Figure 10 | Cilia

Figure 10

From: Centrosomes in the zebrafish (Danio rerio): a review including the related basal body

Figure 10

Summary of centrosome and basal body research in zebrafish. (A) Cellular and molecular findings include, from left, (1) Western blot with anti-γ-tubulin demonstrating γ-tubulin in 40,000 × g supernatants and pellets of ovarian oocytes and different embryonic stages [53], (2) in situ hybridization of γ-tubulin probe to mRNA in the cortices of ovarian oocytes and in embryonic cells [64] and (3) ninefold homodimer of coiled-coil sas-6 protein reveals structural basis for centriole assembly in zebrafish [74]. (B) The results of studies of mutants include, from left, (1) failure to replicate centrioles due to sas-6 mutation in cellular atoll (cea) [71], (2) failure to organize a furrow microtubule array due to aurora B kinase mutation in cellular island (cei) [77], (3) failure to organize DNA and spindle, though centrosome duplication and placement are normal in futile cycle mutant (fue) [54] and (4) the maternal-zygotic ovl (MZovl) mutant lacks cilia due to IFT88 mutation, though basal bodies appear normal [108]. (C) The results of transgenic reporters and morphants in zebrafish, from left, (1) centrin 2-GFP marks apical polarity in retinal neuroepithelium development, as does γ-tubulin-YFP [91], and (2) Cep290 morpholino injection produces morphants with curved body phenotype and reduced Kupffer vesicle size characteristic of mutations in ciliopathy-associated genes; analogous gene mutations cause a number of human ciliopathy syndromes [116].

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