Table 1 Candidates for primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) testing (adapted from [5,11])
From: Diagnosis and management of primary ciliary dyskinesia
1. | Individuals with situs inversus totalis or other situs abnormalities | |
2. | Individuals with both upper and lower respiratory tract disease | |
| Â | a. | Upper airways disease includes: chronic rhinitis/nasal discharge, chronic sinusitis, hearing impairment due to glue ear, chronic otitis media |
| Â | b. | Lower airways disease includes: chronic wet cough, atelectasis or bronchiectasis, notably in middle lobe, lingula or lower lobes, chronic/recurrent bronchitis/pneumonia |
3. | History of unexplained neonatal respiratory distress | |
4. | Positive family history (for example, affected sibling) | |
5. | Congenital heart defect, notably if upper/lower airways disease and heterotaxy are present | |