Fig. 3
Illustrative model of the links between cilia, autophagy, and cancer. Autophagy has dual roles in ciliogenesis by selectively degrading cilia essential protein IFT20 to suppress cilia formation, or degrading suppressive protein OFD1 to promote cilia formation. Inversely, cilia can enhance autophagy through cilia-dependent Shh signaling. Both cilia and autophagy are proposed as regulators for cancer development. The cross-talk between cilia and autophagy may provide new applications for cancer drug discovery