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Table 1 Summary of fixation methods and their effects on cilia marker immunolabeling

From: Fixation methods can differentially affect ciliary protein immunolabeling

Antibodies

Cilia staining

PFA-S

PFA/PBS

MeOH

CBPFA

CB MeOH

CB CBPFA

CB CBPFA MeOH

IMCD3

β-tubulin

+

+

+

+

++

+++

+++

Acetylated-α- tubulin

+++

+++

++

+++

+++

+++

+++

Detyrosinated tubulin

+++

+++

+++

+

+

+++

+++

Polyglutamylated tubulin

+

+

+/−

+++

+++

+++

+++

AC3

+

+

−

−

−

−

−

Arl13b

+++

+++

+

+++

−

−

−

CSPP1

+/−

+/−

–

++

–

+

+++

IFT20

−

−

−

−

+

+

+

RPE

β-tubulin

+/−

+

+

+

++

+++

+++

Acetylated-α-tubulin

+++

+++

+++

+++

+++

+++

+++

Detyrosinated tubulin

+++

+++

+++

+++

+++

+++

+++

Polyglutamylated tubulin

++

+++

+/−

++

+++

+/−

+++

AC3

−

−

−

−

−

−

−

Arl13b

+++

+++

−

+++

−

−

−

CSPP1

+

+

−

+++

−

+++

+

IFT20

−

−

−

+/−

+

++

+++

  1. −, no cilia staining; +/−, some, but not all cells have cilia staining; +, cilia staining is present, but not obvious (i.e. high background); ++, easily noticeable cilia staining; +++, cilia staining is bright with low background