Fig. 6

Neuraminidase treatment of adult WT primary cells. a Average cilia length of WT cells with and without neuraminidase (±Neuase) treatment to remove sialic acids from glycan chains; neuraminidase treatment significantly reduced average cilia length by ~1 µm. Error bars represent standard error; p < 0.001 as determined in an unpaired, heteroscedastic t test. b The percentage of ciliated cells is decreased after neuraminidase treatment; p < 0.05 as determined by a two-tailed Fisher’s Exact t test; error bars represent the 95% confidence interval for the binomial distribution represent by the sample population. c, d Representative images of WT fibroblasts without (c) and with (d) neuraminidase treatment. Cilia are stained with ARL13B antibody (red) and ɣ-tubulin (green). Scale bars 20 µm. e Lectin staining for sialic acid with SNA (green) and MAL II (white) and galactose with PNA (red) in WT fibroblasts with DRAQ5 DNA counterstaining (blue). f Representative image of SNA (green) signal showing alpha 2,6-sialylation co-localizing with ARL13B-positive cilia (red) in WT cells without neuraminidase treatment. Scale bars 5 µm