Fig. 1

Immunofluorescence microscopy analysis of 3D-E spheroids. a Immunocytochemical (ICC) analysis of a ciliated epithelial cell isolated from the nasal brush biopsy. Cilia (arrows) are visualized with differential interference contrast (DIC) and with antibodies directed against acetylated α-tubulin (Ac-Tub; red) and glutamylated α-tubulin (Glu-Tub; green). The nucleus is stained with DAPI (blue) and the circumference of the cell is marked with a dotted line. b DIC microscopy of a live 3D-E spheroid. Cilia are marked with arrows (inset). c Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of two 3D-E spheroids (#1 and #2) with DIC and with antibodies and staining reagents as indicated for a. Cilia are marked with arrows and the circumferences of the spheroids are marked with dotted lines. fl partly fluid-filled lumen